Almost all MCQs of Computer

2018
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BCD CODE

1. A group of bits used to represent a symbol is called a ____________
a) byte
b) memory
c) nibble
d) code


Answer: a
Explanation: In binary coding, every symbol that appears in data is represented by a group of bits, which are called bytes. Computer codes use binary coding schemes.

2. BCD uses 6 bits to represent a symbol.
a) True
b) False


Answer: a
Explanation: In a Binary Coded Decimal format, 64 characters i.e. 26 different characters can be represented. It is one of the early computer codes.

3. Which of the following is not a type of computer code?
a) EBCDIC
b) BCD
c) ASCII
d) EDIC


Answer: d
Explanation: There is no coding scheme like EDIC. EBCDIC stands for Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code. BCD stands for Binary Coded Decimal. ASCII stands for American Standard Code for information interchange.

4. The BCD representation of (34)10 is _______________
a) 6
b) 7
c) 8
d) 5


Answer: b
Explanation: BCD numbers are represented as:
34 = (0011 0100)BCD.
Each digit is individually taken and an equivalent standard 4 bit term is written for the respective digit.

5. Perform BCD addition of (23)BCD + (20)BCD .
a) 00110100
b) 01000011
c) 10011
d) 11100


Answer: b
Explanation: To add any two BCD numbers :
Simply perform the addition : 23+20=43.
Then, write the equivalent BCD number = (0100 0011)BCD.

6. The weights used in Binary coded decimal code are:
a) 4,2,1
b) 8,4,2,1
c) 6,4,2,1
d) 2,1


Answer: b
Explanation: BCD is a weighted code and it uses the weights 8,4,2,1 respectively. It is often called the 8421 code. Since, it uses 4 bits for the representation therefore the weights are assigned as : 23 = 8, 22 = 4, 21 = 2, 20 = 1.

7. Write the decimal equivalent for (110001)BCD.
a) 31
b) 13
c) C1
d) 1C


Answer: a
Explanation: To obtain the decimal equivalent :
We start from the rightmost bit and make groups of 4, then write the decimal equivalent accordingly.
0011 0001 = (31)10.

8. The 9’s complement of 45 is _____________
a) 45
b) 54
c) 64
d) 46


Answer: b
Explanation: The 9’s complement of a number is obtained by subtracting each digit from 9. Here, 99-45=54. Therefore, the 9’s complement is 54.
9. The 10’s complement of 455 is _________
a) 543
b) 544
c) 545
d) 546


Answer: c
Explanation: To obtain the 10’s complement, we first obtain the 9’s complement and then add 1 to it.
999-455=544 (9’s)
544+1=545(10’s).
10. The Excess-3 representation of (0100)BCD is __________
a) 0110
b) 1110
c) 0111
d) 1100


Answer: c
Explanation: The excess-3 code is obtained by adding 3 to the BCD code.
Here, 0100+0011=0111.
Also, 4+3=7.




EBCDIC CODE



1. What does EBCDIC stand for?
a) Extended Binary Converted Decimal Intermediate Code
b) Extended Binary Coded Decimal Intermediate Code
c) Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
d) Extended Binary Converted Decimal Interchange Code


Answer: b
Explanation: EBCDIC is the Extended BCD interchange code. It uses 8 bits to represent a symbol. It can represent 256 different characters.

2. In EBCDIC, a maximum of 128 different characters can be represented.
a) True
b) False


Answer: b
Explanation: EBCDIC uses 8 bits for representation. Therefore, 28 i.e., 256 different characters can be represented and not 128. Thus, the above statement is false.

3. The EBCDIC code for the character A is ______________
a) digit : 1100 zone : 0001
b) digit : 1111 zone : 0001
c) digit : 1100 zone : 1010
d) digit : 1111 zone : 1010


Answer: a
Explanation: The character A is represented by the digit 1100 and the zone 0001. The hex representation for the same is C1. Similarly for B it is C2 and so on.

4. The hex representation for F is _______________
a) C6
b) C5
c) D6
d) D1


Answer: a
Explanation: Certain hex representations are :
C1=A
C2=B
C3=D
C4=E
C5=F
C6=G
C7=H
C8=I
C9=J.

5. In EBCDIC, D5 is used to represent ________ character.
a) J
b) N
c) O
d) K


Answer: b
Explanation: D5 is used to represent N in this system. The representations D1 to D9 are used for the characters J to R respectively.

6. Which of the following is not a character of the digit 1110?
a) S
b) Z
c) O
d) X


Answer: c
Explanation: All the alphabets from S to Z have their digit as 1110. Here, O has the digit 1101 and therefore is the incorrect option. Example: S has the digit as 1110 and zone 0010.

7. What is the hexadecimal equivalent of the digit 9?
a) E9
b) F9
c) G9
d) H9


Answer: b
Explanation: For digits in EBCDIC, the hex equivalent starts from F0 to F9.
F0=0
F1=1
F2=2
F3=3 and so on.

8. The characters from 0 to 9 have their common digit as ___________
a) 1111
b) 0000
c) 0001
d) 1000


Answer: a
Explanation: The digits are 1111 in case of numbers. Here, 0.101 gets converted to 1.010 in its 1’s complement format.

9. The EBCDIC is mainly used in ___________
a) Programming
b) Machine Codes
c) Mainframes
d) Super Computers


Answer: c
Explanation: This concept of EBCDIC was invented by IBM. It is mainly used in the IBM mainframe environment. So basically, mainframes use EBCDIC codes.

10. Which of the following character is available in EBCDIC but not in ASCII?
a) cent sign
b) dollar sign
c) comma
d) punctuation


Answer: a
Explanation: The cent sign wasn’t available in ASCII which is the American Standard Code for Information interchange. It was available in EBCDIC though and thus was considered better.





ASCII CODE


1. What does ASCII stand for?
a) American Standard Code for Information Interchange
b) American Scientific Code for Information Interchange
c) American Scientific Code for Interchanging Information
d) American Standard Code for Interchanging Information


Answer: a
Explanation: The ASCII codes are used to represent the bits into symbols and vice versa. ASCII is the American Standard Code which is used to exchange information.

2. The decimal representation for the character ‘!’ in ASCII is ____________
a) 31
b) 32
c) 33
d) 34


Answer: c
Explanation: The decimal representation of a few basic characters are:
33 : !
34 : ”
35: #
36 :$.

3. The two types of ASCII are _____________ and ____________
a) ASCII-4 and ASCII-8
b) ASCII-8 and ASCII-16
c) ASCII-7 and ASCII-8
d) ASCII-4 and ASCII-16


Answer: c
Explanation: The two types of ASCII are ASCII-7 and ASCII-8. ASCII-7 uses 7 bits for the representation of numbers and ASCII-8 uses 8-bits.

4. Any set of digits or alphabets are generally referred as ______________
a) Characters
b) Symbols
c) Bits
d) Bytes


Answer: a
Explanation: We refer to the digits and alphabets generally as characters. A character is generally a unit of information in computers.

5. The first 128 characters are the same in both the types of ASCII i.e. ASCII-7 and ASCII-8.
a) True
b) False


Answer: a
Explanation: There are two types of ASCII codes: ASCII-7 and ASCII-8. ASCII-7 uses 7 bits to represent a number whereas ASCII-8 uses 8-bits to represent a number.

6. The number of characters that can be represented in ASCII-8 are ______________
a) 128
b) 256
c) 32
d) 64


Answer: b
Explanation: ASCII-8 can represent 256 different characters. ASCII-8 uses 8-bits for the representation of numbers i.e. it can represent 28 = 256 different characters.

7. The zone of alphabetic characters from A to O in ASCII is _____________
a) 1000
b) 0100
c) 0010
d) 0001


Answer: b
Explanation: The zone used by ASCII for alphabets is 0100. For e.g. A is represented as 0100(zone)0001(digit). The hex equivalent is 41 for A. The zone used by numbers is 0011.

8. The representation of the number 8 in binary in ASCII-8 format _________
a) 00111000
b) 01001000
c) 1000
d) 00011000


Answer: a
Explanation: The ASCII-8 format will have 8 bits. The zone for the character 8 is 0011 and the digit is 1000. Therefore, its representation is 00111000.

9. Binary Coding for the letter X is ______________
a) 01011000
b) 00111000
c) 10001000
d) 00010100


Answer: a
Explanation: The binary coding for the letter X is 01011000. Here, 0101 is the zone whereas 1000 is the digit. The alphabets from P to Z have the zone 0101.

10. Express the ASCII equivalent of the signed binary number (00110010)2.
a) 2
b) 1
c) A
d) ,


Answer: a
Explanation: The ASCII characters for the remaining options are:
1 : 00110001
A : 01000001
, : 00101100.


UNICODE




1. The numbers used to represent numeric values in EBCDIC are _______
a) zoned
b) unsigned
c) packed
d) eb


Answer: a
Explanation: Zoned numbers represent the numeric values under EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code). In zoned format, there is only one digit per byte.

2. Unicode provides a consistent way of encoding multilingual plain text.
a) True
b) False


Answer: a
Explanation: Unicode defines codes for characters used in all major languages of the world.
It is a coding system which supports almost all the languages. It defines special codes for different characters, symbols, diacritics, etc.

3. Which of the following is not a type of numeric value in zoned format?
a) Positive
b) Negative
c) Double
d) Unsigned


Answer: c
Explanation: The zoned format can represent numeric values of type Positive, negative and unsigned numbers. A sign indicator is used in the zone position of the rightmost digit.

4. The sign indicator of unsigned numbers is ____________
a) C
b) D
c) F
d) X


Answer: c
Explanation: A sign indicator is used in the zone position of the rightmost digit. A sign indicator C is used for positive, D for negative and F is used for negative numbers.

5. The EBCDIC value of the number 345 in zoned format is __________
a) F3F4F5
b) E3E4E5
c) F3F4C5
d) F3F4D5


Answer: a
Explanation: F is used for the representation of unsigned numbers therefore, F3F4F5 represents 345. F3F4C5 represents +345 . F3F4D5 represents -345.

6. Which of the following is a valid encoding format?
a) UTF-1
b) UTF-8
c) UTF-A
d) UTF-4


Answer: b
Explanation: The various encoding formats are UTF-8, UTF-16 and UTF-32. UTF stands for Unicode Transformation Format. It is basically an encoding system that supports all languages.

7. _________________ defines the assigned ordering among the characters used by the computer.
a) Unicode
b) Collating Sequence
c) Accumulation
d) Sorting


Answer: b
Explanation: Collating sequence is the term used for ordering among characters. It may vary depending upon the type of code used by a computer.

8. The sorting sequence of the strings A1,23,1A will be ______________
a) 23 > A1 > 1A
b) 23 < 1A > A1
c) A1 > 1A > 23
d) A1 < 1A < 23


Answer: d
Explanation: The sorting order is A1, 1A, 23. Numeric characters are given a greater preference in EBCDIC as compared to the alphabets.

9. The default character coding in HTML-5 is _____________
a) UTF-8
b) UTF-16
c) UTF-4
d) UTF-32


Answer: a
Explanation: HTML5 which is the hypertext markup language generally uses the UTF-8 format as its default encoding. Unicode covers all the characters and symbols in all the different languages.

10. Numbers used in packed decimal format can be used for _____________ operations.
a) logical
b) relational
c) arithmetic
d) bitwise


Answer: c
Explanation: The packed numbers can be used for arithmetic operations. The packed numbers also require the lesser number of bytes as compared to zoned numbers.


DATA TYPES



1. Which of the following is not a data type?
a) Symbolic Data
b) Alphanumeric Data
c) Numeric Data
d) Alphabetic Data


Answer: a
Explanation: Data types are of three basic types: Numeric, Alphabetic and Alphanumeric. Numeric Data consists of only numbers.
Alphabetic Data consists of only letters and a blank character and alphanumeric data consists of symbols.

2. *@Ac# is a type of ________________ data.
a) Symbolic
b) Alphanumeric
c) Alphabetic
d) Numeric


Answer: b
Explanation: Alphanumeric data consists of symbols. Alphanumeric data may be a letter, either in uppercase or lowercase or some special symbols like #,^,*,(, etc.

3. Which of the following is not a valid representation in bits?
a) 8-bit
b) 24-bit
c) 32-bit
d) 64-bit


Answer: b
Explanation: There are no criteria like the 24-bit representation of numbers. Numbers can be written in 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit and 64-bit as per the IEEE format.

4. What are the entities whose values can be changed called?
a) Constants
b) Variables
c) Modules
d) Tokens


Answer: b
Explanation: Variables are the data entities whose values can be changed. Constants have a fixed value. Tokens are the words which are easily identified by the compiler.

5. Which of the following is not a basic data type in C language?
a) float
b) int
c) real
d) char


Answer: c
Explanation: There are 5 basic data types in C language: int, char, float, double, void.
Int is for the representation of integers, char is for strings and characters, float and double are for floating point numbers whereas void is a valueless special data type.

6. BOOLEAN is a type of data type which basically gives a tautology or fallacy.
a) True
b) False


Answer: a
Explanation: A Boolean representation is for giving logical values. It returns either true or false. If a result gives a truth value, it is called tautology whereas if it returns a false term, it is referred to as fallacy.

7. What does FORTRAN stands for?
a) Formula Transfer
b) Formula Transformation
c) Formula Translation
d) Format Transformation


Answer: c
Explanation: FORTRAN is a type of computer language. It was developed for solving mathematical and scientific problems. It is very commonly used among the scientific community.

8. The program written by the programmer in high level language is called _____________
a) Object Program
b) Source Program
c) Assembled Program
d) Compiled Program


Answer: b
Explanation: The program written by the programmer is called a source program. The program generated by the compiler after compilation is called an object program. The object program is in machine language.

9. A standardized language used for commercial applications.
a) C
b) Java
c) COBOL
d) FORTRAN


Answer: c
Explanation: COBOL is a language used in business and commercial applications. It stands for Common Business Oriented Language. It is imperative, procedural as well as object oriented language.

10. ______________ define how the locations can be used.
a) Data types
b) Attributes
c) Links
d) Data Objects


Answer: b
Explanation: Attributes can determine how any location can be used. Attributes can be type, name, component, etc. Data objects are the variables and constants in a program.
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Positional and non Positional Number System

 1. Which of the following is not a type of number system?
a) Positional
b) Non-Positional
c) Octal
d) Fractional


Answer: d
Explanation: There are two main types of number systems : Positional & Non-positional.
Positional System uses digits for the representation whereas, non-positional number systems use certain symbols for the representation of numbers. Octal is a type of positional number systems with base 8.

2. How is the number 5 represented in non-positional number system?
a) IIIII
b) 5
c) V
d) v


Answer: a
Explanation: In a non-positional number system, 1 is represented as I, 2 as II, 3 as III, 4 as IIII and therefore, 5 is represented as IIIII. This number system uses symbols for the representation of digits.

3. The base is the total number of digits in a number system.
a) True
b) False


Answer: a
Explanation: The statement is true. In a positional number system, base is the number of digits the system comprises. For example, a binary number system comprises of only 2 digits, 0 and 1, therefore its base is 2. Similarly, the decimal system comprises 10 digits 0 to 9, therefore its base is 10.

4. The LSB and MSB of 1243247 are ____ and ____
a) 1, 7
b) 4, 7
c) 7, 1
d) 4, 1


Answer: c
Explanation: The LSB or the least significant bit is the rightmost digit at the zeros position. The MSB or the most significant bit is the leftmost digit.

5. A device that uses positional notation to represent a decimal number.
a) Abacus
b) Calculator
c) Pascaline
d) Computer


Answer: a
Explanation: Abacus was used to doing arithmetic calculations around 2500 years ago. Pascaline was the pascal’s calculator by Blaise Pascal invented for doing laborious calculations.

6. The 2’s complement of 5 is ______________
a) 1011
b) 0101
c) 1010
d) 0011


Answer: a
Explanation: The 2’s complement is obtained by adding 1 to the 1s complement of a number. The 1’s complement of 5(0101) is 1010. For 2’s complement : 1010+1=1011.

7. What does BCD stand for?
a) Bitwise coded decimal
b) Binary coded decimal
c) Binary converted decimal
d) Bitwise Converted Decimal


Answer: b
Explanation: BCD is the binary coded decimal form of representation of numbers in 4 bits.E.g. The BCD representation of 5 is 0101. BCD representation of 22 is 00100010.

8. 1 zettabyte = ______________
a) 1024 TB
b) 1024 EB
c) 1024 ZB
d) 1024 PB


Answer: b
Explanation: 1 ZB=1024 EB(exabyte)
1 EB=1024PB(petabyte)

1 YB(yottabyte)=1024ZB.

9. Perfrom BCD addition: 2+3= _______________
a) 0010
b) 0011
c) 0101
d) 1010


Answer: c
Explanation: BCD of 2 =0010
BCD of 3=0011
0010+0011=0101
Therefore, 2+3=0101(5).

10. ASCII stands for _____________________
a) American standard code for information interchange
b) American scientific code for information interchange
c) American scientific code for international interchange
d) American standard code of international interchange


Answer: a
Explanation: ASCII is an encoding standard which is used for communications worldwide. ASCII codes are allotted to digits, special characters and alphabets for data communication purpose.


Decimal Number System


1. The value of base in a decimal number system is ____________
a) 8
b) 2
c) 10
d) 16


Answer: c
Explanation: A decimal number system consists of 10 digits from 0 to 9.
The definition of base describes it as a quantity to represent the number of digits present in that particular number system.
Therefore, here, the base is 10.
2. Convert : (110)2 = ( __ )10.
a) 4
b) 5
c) 6
d) 9


Answer: c
Explanation: The base 2 represents that the number is binary ,whereas, the base 10 represents that it is to be converted to the decimal format.
Conversion: 22 * 1 + 21 * 1 + 20 *0 = 6.
3. The 2’s complement of 15 is ____________
a) 0000
b) 0001
c) 0010
d) 0100


Answer: b
Explanation: 2’s complement is obtained by adding 1 to the 1’s complement of the number.
Here, Binary of 15 = 1111
1’s complement of 15= 0000
2’s complement of 15= 0000+1=0001.
4. Another name for base is __________
a) root
b) radix
c) entity
d) median


Answer: b
Explanation: Another name for base is radix. Base refers to the number of digits that a particular number system consists of.
The base of decimal number system is 10, binary is 2 and so on.
5. The decimal equivalent of (0.101)2 will be ____________
a) 0.5
b) 0.625
c) 0.25
d) 0.875


Answer: b
Explanation: Since the base is 2 , it could be easily guessed that the number is binary. Conversion: 2-1 * 1 + 2-2 * 0 + 2-3 * 1 = 0.625.
6. The signed magnitude for -3 will be ___________
a) 00000011
b) 10000011
c) 11111101
d) 11111100


Answer: b
Explanation: Signed Magnitude of a number is a representation to determine if the number is positive or negative.
If the MSB of a number is 0, the number is positive, else if it is 1 the number is negative.
Here, +3 = 00000011
-3= 100000011.
7. A number with both integer and a fractional part has digits raised to both positive and negative powers of 2 in a decimal number system.
a) True
b) False


Answer: b
Explanation: In a decimal number system, a number with both integer and a fractional part has digits raised to both positive and negative powers of 10 and not 2.
e.g. 22.34 = 2 * 101 + 2 * 100 + 3 * 10-1 + 4 * 10-2.
8. The hexadecimal representation of 14 is _______________
a) A
b) F
c) D
d) E


Answer: d
Explanation: The hexadecimal representations are as follows:
10 : A
11 : B
12 : C
13 : D
14 : E
15 : F.
9. Which of the following is not a decimal number?
a) 114
b) 43.47
c) 99.9A
d) 10101


Answer: c
Explanation: All the numbers except 99.9A are decimal numbers.
This number has a hexadecimal component A in it, therefore , it is not a valid decimal number.
The decimal equivalent of A is 10.
10. Select the incorrect option:
a) (101)10 = (1100101)2
b) G is valid in hexadecimal system.
c) C represents 12
d) The base of a decimal number system is 10.


Answer: b
Explanation: G is not a valid hexadecimal number. In this system, only representations from A to E are used to represent the numbers from 10 to 15. The base of the hexadecimal number system is 16.

Binary Number System


1. Which of the following is not a positional number system?
a) Roman Number System
b) Octal Number System
c) Binary Number System
d) Hexadecimal Number System


Answer: a
Explanation: The Roman number system isn’t a positional number system since it uses symbols to represent numbers.
The octal number system uses digits from 0-7, the binary number system uses digits from 0-1 whereas, the hexadecimal number system uses digits from 0-15.

2. The value of radix in binary number system is _____________
a) 2
b) 8
c) 10
d) 1


Answer: a
Explanation: In a binary number system, the value of base or radix is 2. The binary system uses only two digits for the representation of numbers, therefore its base id has chosen to be 2.

3. The binary equivalent of the decimal number 10 is __________
a) 0010
b) 10
c) 1010
d) 010


Answer: c
Explanation: To get the binary equivalent of any number, we need to divide the number by 2 and obtain the remainders as :
computer-fundamentals-questions-answers-binary-number-system-q3
We then write the remainders in the reverse order as 1010 .

4. A computer language that is written in binary codes only is _____
a) machine language
b) C
c) C#
d) pascal


Answer: a
Explanation: Machine Language is written in binary codes only. It can be easily understood by the computer and is very difficult for us to understand. A machine language, unlike other languages, requires no translators or interpreters.

5. The octal equivalent of 1100101.001010 is ______
a) 624.12
b) 145.12
c) 154.12
d) 145.21


Answer: b
Explanation: The octal equivalent is obtained by grouping the numbers into three, from right to left before decimal and from right to left after the decimal place.
Here,
computer-fundamentals-questions-answers-binary-number-system-q5
i.e. 145.12 is the octal equivalent of the number.

6. The input hexadecimal representation of 1110 is _______________
a) 0111
b) E
c) 15
d) 14


Answer: b
Explanation: In hexadecimal number system, 1110 = 15, which is represented by the alphabet E.
Some representations are:
A 10
B 11
C 12
D 13
E 14
F 15.

7. A bit in a computer terminology means either 0 or 1.
a) True
b) False


Answer: a
Explanation: A bit stands for a binary digit. A binary digit can have only two digits i.e. 0 or 1. A binary number consisting of n-bits is called an n-bit number.

8. Convert the binary equivalent 10101 to its decimal equivalent.
a) 21
b) 12
c) 22
d) 31


Answer: a
Explanation: To convert a binary number to its decimal equivalent follow these steps :
24 * 1 + 23 * 0 + 22 *1 + 21 * 0 + 20 * 1 = 21.
Therefore, the answer is 21.

9. Which of the following is not a binary number?
a) 1111
b) 101
c) 11E
d) 000


Answer: c
Explanation: A binary number can have only two possible digits, 0 and 1. In the third option, there is an alphabet E present which makes it an invalid binary number. Alphabets are only allowed in the hexadecimal number system.

10. Which of the following is the correct representation of a binary number?
a) (124)2
b) 1110
c) (110)2
d) (000)2


Answer: d
Explanation: The binary numbers should comprise only two digits 0 and 1.
Also, for the base, the value should be 2 and it should be written as a subscript enclosing the entire number. Here, the fourth option gives the correct representation.


Octal Number System


1. What could be the maximum value of a single digit in an octal number system?
a) 8
b) 7
c) 6
d) 5


Answer: b
Explanation: The maximum value in any number system is one less than the value of the base. The base in an octal number system is 8, therefore, the maximum value of the single digit is 7. It takes digits from 0 to 7.

2. In a number system, each position of a digit represents a specific power of the base.
a) True
b) False


Answer: a
Explanation: In a number system, every digit is denoted by a specific power of base. Like in an octal system, consider the number 113, it will be represented as :
82 * 1 + 81 * 1 + 80 *3.

3. The maximum number of bits sufficient to represent an octal number in binary is _______
a) 4
b) 3
c) 7
d) 8


Answer: b
Explanation: The octal number system comprises of only 8 digits. Hence, three bits (23 = 8) are sufficient to represent any octal number in the binary format.

4. The binary number 111 in octal format is ________________
a) 6
b) 7
c) 8
d) 5


Answer: b
Explanation: Certain binary to octal representations are :
000=0
001=1
010=2
011=3
100=4
101=5
110=6
111=7.

5. Convert (22)8 into its corresponding decimal number.
a) 28
b) 18
c) 81
d) 82


Answer: b
Explanation: To convert an octal number to decimal number:
81 * 2 + 80 * 2 = 16 + 2 = 18.
Hence, the decimal equivalent is 18.

6. The octal equivalent of the binary number (0010010100)2 is ______________
a) 422
b) 242
c) 224
d) 226


Answer: c
Explanation: To obtain the octal equivalent, we take numbers in groups of 3, from right to left as :
 000  010  010   100

  0    2    2      4     =  (224)<sub>8</sub>.

7. Octal subtraction of (232)8 from (417)8 will give ______________
a) 165
b) 185
c) 815
d) 516


Answer: a
Explanation: Octal subtraction is done as follows:
417
– 232
________
165
The octal subtraction is the same as that of any other number system. The only difference is, like in a decimal number system, we borrow a group of 10, in a binary system we borrow a group of 2, in an octal number system, we borrow in groups of 8.

8. The 1’s complement of 0.101 is _________________
a) 1.010
b) 0.010
c) 0.101
d) 1.101


Answer: a
Explanation: The 1’s complement of a number is obtained by reversing the bits with value 1 to 0 and the bits with value 0 to 1.
Here, 0.101 gets converted to 1.010 in its 1’s complement format.

9. Convert (5401)8 to hexadecimal.
a) A01
b) A02
c) B01
d) C01


Answer: c
Explanation: To convert octal to hexadecimal, we first write binary format of the number and then make groups of 4 bits from right to left, as follows:
 5     4      0     1
101   100    000    001   (octal -> binary)
1011     0000    0001     ( groups of 4)
B         0       1       ( hexadecimal equivalent)
Therefore, the hexadecimal equivalent is (B01)16.

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10. Express the decimal format of the signed binary number (10010)2 .
a) 2
b) 12
c) -12
d) -2


Answer: d
Explanation: The first bit is the sign bit whereas the rest of the bits are magnitude bits. So the number is: 0010 = 21 * 1 =2
But, the sign bit is 1, Therefore the answer is : (-2)10.



Hexadecimal Number System


1. What does the symbol D represent in a hexadecimal number system?
a) 8
b) 16
c) 13
d) 14


Answer: c
Explanation: The symbols A, B, C, D, E and F represent 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 respectively in a hexadecimal system. This system comprises of 15 numbers in total: digits from 0-9 and symbols from A to F.

2. ABC is a valid hexadecimal number.
a) True
b) False


Answer: a
Explanation: In a hexadecimal number system, alphabets are used for the representation of numbers from 10 to 15. Here, A represents 10, B represents 11 and C represents 12. Therefore, it is a valid hexadecimal number.

3. The maximum number of bits sufficient to represent a hexadecimal number in binary:
a) 4
b) 3
c) 7
d) 8


Answer: a
Explanation: The hexadecimal number system comprises of only 15 symbols: 10 digits and 5 symbols. Hence, three bits (24 = 16 ) are sufficient to represent any hexadecimal number in the binary format.

4. The binary number 1110 in hexadecimal format is _____________
a) 6
b) E
c) 14
d) 15


Answer: b
Explanation: Certain binary to hexadecimal representations are :
1010=A
1011=B
1100=C
1101=D
1110=E
1111=F.

5. Convert (52)16 into its decimal equivalent.
a) 28
b) 83
c) 80
d) 82


Answer: d
Explanation: To convert a hexadecimal number to decimal number:
161 * 5 + 160 * 2 = 80 + 2 = 82
Hence, the decimal equivalent is 82.

6. The hexadecimal equivalent of the binary number (0010010100)2 is :
a) 0B4
b) 0A4
c) 224
d) 0114


Answer: c
Explanation: To obtain the octal equivalent, we take numbers in groups of 3, from right to left as :
tough-computer-fundamentals-questions-answers-q6

7. Hexadecimal Addition of (3A5)16 and (1B2)16 will give :
a) 165
b) 185
c) 815
d) 516


Answer: a
Explanation: Octal subtraction is done as follows:
3A5
+ 1B2
________
557
In hexadecimal addition of alphabets, we add the corresponding numbers they represent and then subtract the result from 16, then generate a carry of 1 to the next set of numbers.
Here, 5+2=7
A+B=10+11=21-16=5
3+1+1(carry)=5.

8. The 2’s complement of 10.11 :
a) 10
b) 0.010
c) 01.01
d) 10.01


Answer: a
Explanation: The 1’s complement of a number is obtained by reversing the bits with value 1 to 0 and the bits with value 0 to 1. Here, 10.11 gets converted to 01.00 in its 1’s complement format. Further, to convert 1’s complement into 2’s, we add 1 to the result. Here, 01.00+1=10.00.

9. Convert (6532)8 to hexadecimal.
a) A01
b) A02
c) B01
d) C01


Answer: c
Explanation: To convert octal to hexadecimal, we first write binary format of the number and then make groups of 4 bits from right to left, as follows:
 6   5   3   2
110 101 011 010   (octal -> binary)
1101  0101  1010  ( groups of 4)
 D    5      A    ( hexadecimal equivalent)
Therefore, the hexadecimal equivalent is (D5A)16.
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SET-1 (Characteristics)

1. What are the issues on which biological networks proves to be superior than AI networks?
a) robustness & fault tolerance
b) flexibility
c) collective computation
d) all of the mentioned
 
Answer: d
Explanation: AI network should be all of the above mentioned.
2. The fundamental unit of network is
a) brain
b) nucleus
c) neuron
d) axon
 
Answer: c
Explanation: Neuron is the most basic & fundamental unit of a network .
3. What are dendrites?
a) fibers of nerves
b) nuclear projections
c) other name for nucleus
d) none of the mentioned
 
Answer: a
Explanation: Dendrites tree shaped fibers of nerves.
4. What is shape of dendrites like
a) oval
b) round
c) tree
d) rectangular
 
Answer: c
Explanation: Basic biological q&a.
5. Signal transmission at synapse is a?
a) physical process
b) chemical process
c) physical & chemical both
d) none of the mentioned
 
Answer: b
Explanation: Since chemicals are involved at synapse , so its an chemical process.
6. How does the transmission/pulse acknowledged ?
a) by lowering electric potential of neuron body
b) by raising electric potential of neuron body
c) both by lowering & raising electric potential
d) none of the mentioned
 
Answer: c
Explanation: There is equal probability of both.
7. When the cell is said to be fired?
a) if potential of body reaches a steady threshold values
b) if there is impulse reaction
c) during upbeat of heart
d) none of the mentioned
 
Answer: a
Explanation: Cell is said to be fired if & only if potential of body reaches a certain steady threshold values.
8. Where does the chemical reactions take place in neuron?
a) dendrites
b) axon
c) synapses
d) nucleus
 
Answer: c
Explanation: It is a simple biological fact.
9. Function of dendrites is?
a) receptors
b) transmitter
c) both receptor & transmitter
d) none of the mentioned
 
Answer: a
Explanation: Dendrites are tree like projections whose function is only to receive impulse.
10. What is purpose of Axon?
a) receptors
b) transmitter
c) transmission
d) none of the mentioned
 
Answer: c
Explanation: Axon is the body of neuron & thus cant be at ends of it so cant receive & transmit signals.



SET-2 (Characteristics)



1. What is approx size of neuron body(in micrometer)?
a) below 5
b) 5-10
c) 10-80
d) above 100

Answer: c
Explanation: Average size of neuron body lies in the above limit.

2. What is the gap at synapses(in nanometer)?
a) 50
b) 100
c) 150
d) 200

Answer: d
Explanation: It is near to 200nm.

3. What is charge at protoplasm in state of inactivity?
a) positive
b) negative
c) neutral
d) may be positive or negative

Answer: b
Explanation: It is due to the presence of potassium ion on outer surface in neural fluid.

4. What is the main constituent of neural liquid?
a) sodium
b) potassium
c) Iron
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: a
Explanation: Potassium is the main constituent of neural liquid & responsible for potential on neuron body.

5. What is average potential of neural liquid in inactive state?
a) +70mv
b) +35mv
c) -35mv
d) -70mv

Answer: d
Explanation: It is a basic fact, founded out by series of experiments conducted by neural scientist.

6. At what potential does cell membrane looses it impermeability against Na+ ions?
a) -50mv
b) -35mv
c) -60mv
d) -65mv

Answer: c
Explanation: Cell membrane looses it impermeability against Na+ ions at -60mv.

7. What is effect on neuron as a whole when its potential get raised to -60mv?
a) it get fired
b) no effect
c) it get compressed
d) it expands

Answer: a
Explanation: Cell membrane looses it impermeability against Na+ ions at -60mv.

8. The membrane which allows neural liquid to flow will?
a) never be imperturbable to neural liquid
b) regenerate & retain its original capacity
c) only the certain part get affected, while rest becomes imperturbable again
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: b
Explanation: Each cell of human body(internal) has regenerative capacity.

9. How fast is propagation of discharge signal in cells of human brain?
a) less than 0.1m/s
b) 0.5-2m/s
c) 2-5m/s
d) 5-10m/s

Answer: b
Explanation: The process is very fast but comparable to the length of neuron.

10. What is the function of neurotransmitter ?
a) they transmit data directly at synapse to other neuron
b) they modify conductance of post synaptic membrane for certain ions
c) cause polarisation or depolarisation
d) both polarisation & modify conductance of membrane

Answer: d
Explanation: Excitatory & inhibilatory activities are result of these two process.


SET-3 (Characteristics)



1. The cell body of neuron can be analogous to what mathamatical operation?
a) summing
b) differentiator
c) integrator
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: a
Explanation: Because adding of potential(due to neural fluid) at different parts of neuron is the reason of its firing.

2. What is the critical threshold voltage value at which neuron get fired?
a) 30mv
b) 20mv
c) 25mv
d) 10mv

Answer: d
Explanation: This critical is founded by series of experiments conducted by neural scientist.

3. Does there is any effect on particular neuron which got repeatedly fired ?
a) yes
b) no

Answer: a
Explanation: The strength of neuron to fire in future increases.

4. What is name of above mechanism?
a) hebb rule learning
b) error correction learning
c) memory based learning
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: a
Explanation: It follows from basic definition of hebb rule learning.

5. What is hebb’s rule of learning
a) the system learns from its past mistakes
b) the system recalls previous reference inputs & respective ideal outputs
c) the strength of neural connection get modified accordingly
d) none of the mentioned

Answer:c
Explanation: The strength of neuron to fire in future increases, if it is fired repeatedly.

6. Are all neuron in brain are of same type?
a) yes
b) no

Answer: b
Explanation: Follows from the fact no two body cells are exactly similar in human body, even if they belong to same class.

7. What is estimate number of neurons in human cortex?
a) 108
b) 105
c) 1011
d) 1020

Answer: c
Explanation: It is a fact !

8. what is estimated density of neuron per mm^2 of cortex?
a) 15*(102)
b) 15*(104)
c) 15*(103)
d) 5*(104)

Answer: b
Explanation: It is a biological fact !

9. Why can’t we design a perfect neural network?
a) full operation is still not known of biological neurons
b) number of neuron is itself not precisely known
c) number of interconnection is very large & is very complex
d) all of the mentioned

Answer: d
Explanation: These are all fundamental reasons, why can’t we design a perfect neural network !

10. How many synaptic connection are there in human brain?
a) 1010
b) 1015
c) 1020
d) 105

Answer: b
Explanation: You can estimate this value from number of neurons in human cortex & their density.


SET-4(History)


1. Operations in the neural networks can perform what kind of operations?
a) serial
b) parallel
c) serial or parallel
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: c
Explanation: General characteristics of neural networks.

2. Does the argument information in brain is adaptable, whereas in the computer it is replaceable is valid?
a) yes
b) no

Answer: a
Explanation: Its a fact & related to basic knowledge of neural networks !

3. Does there exist central control for processing information in brain as in computer?
a) yes
b) no

Answer: b
Explanation: In human brain information is locally processed & analysed.

4. Which action is faster pattern classification or adjustment of weights in neural nets?
a) pattern classification
b) adjustment of weights
c) equal
d) either of them can be fast, depending on conditions

Answer: a
Explanation: Memory is addressable, so thus pattern can be easily classified.

5. What is the feature of ANNs due to which they can deal with noisy, fuzzy, inconsistent data?
a) associative nature of networks
b) distributive nature of networks
c) both associative & distributive
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: c
Explanation: General characteristics of ANNs.

6. What was the name of the first model which can perform wieghted sum of inputs?
a) McCulloch-pitts neuron model
b) Marvin Minsky neuron model
c) Hopfield model of neuron
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: a
Explanation: McCulloch-pitts neuron model can perform weighted sum of inputs followed by threshold logic operation.

7. Who developed the first learning machine in which connection strengths could be adapted automatically?
a) McCulloch-pitts
b) Marvin Minsky
c) Hopfield
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: b
Explanation: In 1954 Marvin Minsky developed the first learning machine in which connection strengths could be adapted automatically & efficiebtly.
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8. Who proposed the first perceptron model in 1958?
a) McCulloch-pitts
b) Marvin Minsky
c) Hopfield
d) Rosenblatt

Answer: d
Explanation: Rosenblatt proposed the first perceptron model in 1958 .

9. John hopfield was credited for what important aspec of neuron?
a) learning algorithms
b) adaptive signal processing
c) energy analysis
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: c
Explanation: It was of major contribution of his works in 1982.

10. What is the contribution of Ackley, Hinton in neural?
a) perceptron
b) boltzman machine
c) learning algorithms
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: b
Explanation: Ackley, Hinton built the boltzman machine.


SET-5(Terminology)

1. What is ART in neural networks?
a) automatic resonance theory
b) artificial resonance theory
c) adaptive resonance theory
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: c
Explanation: It is full form of ART & is basic q&a.

2. What is an activation value?
a) weighted sum of inputs
b) threshold value
c) main input to neuron
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: a
Explanation: It is definition of activation value & is basic q&a.

3. Positive sign of weight indicates?
a) excitatory input
b) inhibitory input
c) can be either excitatory or inhibitory as such
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: a
Explanation: Sign convention of neuron.

4. Negative sign of weight indicates?
a) excitatory input
b) inhibitory input
c) excitatory output
d) inhibitory output

Answer: b
Explanation: Sign convention of neuron.

5. The amount of output of one unit received by another unit depends on what?
a) output unit
b) input unit
c) activation value
d) weight

Answer: d
Explanation: Activation is sum of wieghted sum of inputs, which gives desired output..hence output depends on weights.

6. The process of adjusting the weight is known as?
a) activation
b) synchronisation
c) learning
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: c
Explanation: Basic definition of learning in neural nets .

7. The procedure to incrementally update each of weights in neural is referred to as?
a) synchronisation
b) learning law
c) learning algorithm
d) both learning algorithm & law

Answer: d
Explanation: Basic definition of learning law in neural.

8. In what ways can output be determined from activation value?
a) deterministically
b) stochastically
c) both deterministically & stochastically
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: c
Explanation: This is the most important trait of input processing & output determination in neural networks.

9. How can output be updated in neural network?
a) synchronously
b) asynchronously
c) both synchronously & asynchronously
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: c
Explanation: Output can be updated at same time or at different time in the networks.

10. What is asynchronous update in neural netwks?
a) output units are updated sequentially
b) output units are updated in parallel fashion
c) can be either sequentially or in parallel fashion
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: a
Explanation: Output are updated at different time in the networks.


SET-6(Model 1)



1. What is the name of the model in figure below?

neural-networks-questions-answers-models-1-q1
a) Rosenblatt perceptron model
b) McCulloch-pitts model
c) Widrow’s Adaline model
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Explanation: It is a general block diagram of McCulloch-pitts model of neuron.

2. What is nature of function F(x) in the figure?
a) linear
b) non-linear
c) can be either linear or non-linear
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: b
Explanation: In this function, the independent variable is an exponent in the equation hence non-linear.

3. What does the character ‘b’ represents in the above diagram?
a) bias
b) any constant value
c) a variable value
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: a
Explanation: More appropriate choice since bias is a constant fixed value for any circuit model.

4. If ‘b’ in the figure below is the bias, then what logic circuit does it represents?

neural-networks-questions-answers-models-1-q4
a) or gate
b) and gate
c) nor gate
d) nand gate

Answer: c
Explanation: Form the truth table of above figure by taking inputs as 0 or 1.

5. When both inputs are 1, what will be the output of the above figure?
a) 0
b) 1
c) either 0 or 1
d) z

Answer: a
Explanation: Check the truth table of nor gate.

6. When both inputs are different, what will be the output of the above figure?
a) 0
b) 1
c) either 0 or 1
d) z

Answer: a
Explanation: Check the truth table of nor gate.

7. Which of the following model has ability to learn?
a) pitts model
b) rosenblatt perceptron model
c) both rosenblatt and pitts model
d) neither rosenblatt nor pitts

Answer: b
Explanation: Weights are fixed in pitts model but adjustable in rosenblatt.

8. When both inputs are 1, what will be the output of the pitts model nand gate ?
a) 0
b) 1
c) either 0 or 1
d) z

Answer: a
Explanation: Check the truth table of simply a nand gate.

9. When both inputs are different, what will be the logical output of the figure of question 4?
a) 0
b) 1
c) either 0 or 1
d) z

Answer: a
Explanation: Check the truth table of nor gate.

10. Does McCulloch-pitts model have ability of learning?
a) yes
b) no

Answer: b
Explanation: Weights are fixed.



SET-7(Model 2)


1. Who invented perceptron neural networks?
a) McCullocch-pitts
b) Widrow
c) Minsky & papert
d) Rosenblatt

Answer: d
Explanation: The perceptron is one of the earliest neural networks. Invented at the Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory in 1957 by Frank Rosenblatt, the Perceptron was an attempt to understand human memory, learning, and cognitive processes.

2. What was the 2nd stage in perceptron model called?
a) sensory units
b) summing unit
c) association unit
d) output unit

Answer: c
Explanation: This was the very speciality of the perceptron model, that is performs association mapping on outputs of he sensory units.

3. What was the main deviation in perceptron model from that of MP model?
a) more inputs can be incorporated
b) learning enabled
c) all of the mentioned
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: b
Explanation: The weights in perceprton model are adjustable.

4. What is delta (error) in perceptron model of neuron?
a) error due to environmental condition
b) difference between desired & target output
c) can be both due to difference in target output or environmental condition
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: a
Explanation: All other parameters are assumed to be null while calculatin the error in perceptron model & only difference between desired & target output is taken into account.

5. If a(i) is the input, ^ is the error, n is the learning parameter, then how can weight change in a perceptron model be represented?
a) na(i)
b) n^
c) ^a(i)
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: d
Explanation: The correct answer is n^a(i).

6. What is adaline in neural networks?
a) adaptive linear element
b) automatic linear element
c) adaptive line element
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: a
Explanation: adaptive linear element is the full form of adaline neural model.

7. who invented the adaline neural model?
a) Rosenblatt
b) Hopfield
c) Werbos
d) Widrow

Answer: d
Explanation: Widrow invented the adaline neural model.

8. What was the main point of difference between the adaline & perceptron model?
a) weights are compared with output
b) sensory units result is compared with output
c) analog activation value is compared with output
d) all of the mentioned

Answer: c
Explanation: Analog activation value comparison with output,instead of desired output as in perceptron model was the main point of difference between the adaline & perceptron model.

9. In adaline model what is the relation between output & activation value(x)?
a) linear
b) nonlinear
c) can be either linear or non-linear
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: a
Explanation: s,output=f(x)=x. Hence its a linear model.

10. what is the another name of weight update rule in adaline model based on its functionality?
a) LMS error learning law
b) gradient descent algorithm
c) both LMS error & gradient descent learning law
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: c
Explanation: weight update rule minimizes the mean squared error(delta square), averaged over all inputs & this laws is derived using negative gradient of error surface weight space, hence option a & b.




SET-8(Topology)



1. In neural how can connectons between different layers be achieved?
a) interlayer
b) intralayer
c) both interlayer and intralayer
d) either interlayer or intralayer

Answer: c
Explanation: Connections between layers can be made to one unit to another and within the units of a layer.

2. Connections across the layers in standard topologies & among the units within a layer can be organised?
a) in feedforward manner
b) in feedback manner
c) both feedforward & feedback
d) either feedforward & feedback

Answer: d
Explanation: Connections across the layers in standard topologies can be in feedforward manner or in feedback manner but not both.

3. What is an instar topology?
a) when input is given to layer F1, the the jth(say) unit of other layer F2 will be activated to maximum extent
b) when weight vector for connections from jth unit (say) in F2 approaches the activity pattern in F1(comprises of input vector)
c) can be either way
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: a
Explanation: Restatement of basic definition of instar.

4. What is an outstar topology?
a) when input is given to layer F1, the the jth(say) unit of other layer F2 will be activated to maximum extent
b) when weight vector for connections from jth unit (say) in F2 approaches the activity pattern in F1(comprises of input vector)
c) can be either way
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: b
Explanation: Restatement of basic definition of outstar.

5. The operation of instar can be viewed as?
a) content addressing the memory
b) memory addressing the content
c) either content addressing or memory addressing
d) both content & memory addressing

Answer: a
Explanation: Because in instar, when input is given to layer F1, the the jth(say) unit of other layer F2 will be activated to maximum extent.

6. The operation of outstar can be viewed as?
a) content addressing the memory
b) memory addressing the content
c) either content addressing or memory addressing
d) both content & memory addressing

Answer: b
Explanation: Because in outstar, when weight vector for connections from jth unit (say) in F2 approaches the activity pattern in F1(comprises of input vector).

7. If two layers coincide & weights are symmetric(wij=wji), then what is that structure called?
a) instar
b) outstar
c) autoassociative memory
d) heteroassociative memory

Answer: c
Explanation: In autoassociative memory each unit is connected to every other unit & to itself.

8. Heteroassociative memory can be an example of which type of network?
a) group of instars
b) group of oustar
c) either group of instars or outstars
d) both group of instars or outstars

Answer: c
Explanation: Depending upon the flow, the memory can be of either of the type.

9. What is STM in neural network?
a) short topology memory
b) stimulated topology memory
c) short term memory
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: c
Explanation: Full form of STM.

10. What does STM corresponds to?
a) activation state of network
b) encoded pattern information pattern in synaptic weights
c) either way
d) both way

Answer: a
Explanation: Short-term memory (STM) refers to the capacity-limited retention of information over a brief period of time,hence the option.
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11. What LTM corresponds to?
a) activation state of network
b) encoded pattern information pattern in synaptic weights
c) either way
d) both way

Answer: b
Explanation: Long-term memory (LTM-the encoding and retention of an effectively unlimited amount of information for a much longer period of time) & hence the option.



SET-9(Learning 1)






1. On what parameters can change in weight vector depend?
a) learning parameters
b) input vector
c) learning signal
d) all of the mentioned

Answer: d
Explanation: Change in weight vector corresponding to jth input at time (t+1) depends on all of these parameters.
2. If the change in weight vector is represented by ∆wij, what does it mean?
a) describes the change in weight vector for ith processing unit, taking input vector jth into account
b) describes the change in weight vector for jth processing unit, taking input vector ith into account
c) describes the change in weight vector for jth & ith processing unit.
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: a
Explanation: ∆wij= µf(wi a)aj, where a is the input vector.
3. What is learning signal in this equation ∆wij= µf(wi a)aj?
a) µ
b) wi a
c) aj
d) f(wi a)

Answer: d
Explanation: This the non linear representation of output of the network.
4. State whether Hebb’s law is supervised learning or of unsupervised type?
a) supervised
b) unsupervised
c) either supervised or unsupervised
d) can be both supervised & unsupervised

Answer: b
Explanation: No desired output is required for it’s implementation.
5. Hebb’s law can be represented by equation?
a) ∆wij= µf(wi a)aj
b) ∆wij= µ(si) aj, where (si) is output signal of ith input
c) both way
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: c
Explanation: (si)= f(wi a), in Hebb’s law.
6. State which of the following statements hold foe perceptron learning law?
a) it is supervised type of learning law
b) it requires desired output for each input
c) ∆wij= µ(bi – si) aj
d) all of the mentioned

Answer: d
Explanation: all statements follow from ∆wij= µ(bi – si) aj, where bi is the target output & hence supervised learning.
7. Delta learning is of unsupervised type?
a) yes
b) no

Answer: b
Explanation: Change in weight is based on the error between the desired & the actual output values for a given input.
8. widrow & hoff learning law is special case of?
a) hebb learning law
b) perceptron learning law
c) delta learning law
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: c
Explanation: Output function in this law is assumed to be linear , all other things same.
9. What’s the other name of widrow & hoff learning law?
a) Hebb
b) LMS
c) MMS
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Explanation: LMS, least mean square. Change in weight is made proportional to negative gradient of error & due to linearity of output function.
10. Which of the following equation represent perceptron learning law?
a) ∆wij= µ(si) aj
b) ∆wij= µ(bi – si) aj
c) ∆wij= µ(bi – si) aj Á(xi),wher Á(xi) is derivative of xi
d) ∆wij= µ(bi – (wi a)) aj

Answer: b
Explanation: Perceptron learning law is supervised, nonlinear type of learning.



SET-10 (Learning 2)

1. Correlation learning law is special case of?
a) Hebb learning law
b) Perceptron learning law
c) Delta learning law
d) LMS learning law

Answer: a
Explanation: Since in hebb is replaced by bi(target output) in correlation.

2. Correlation learning law is what type of learning?
a) supervised
b) unsupervised
c) either supervised or unsupervised
d) both supervised or unsupervised

Answer: a
Explanation: Supervised, since depends on target output.

3. Correlation learning law can be represented by equation?
a) ∆wij= µ(si) aj
b) ∆wij= µ(bi – si) aj
c) ∆wij= µ(bi – si) aj Á(xi),where Á(xi) is derivative of xi
d) ∆wij= µ bi aj

Answer: d
Explanation: Correlation learning law depends on target output(bi).

4. The other name for instar learning law?
a) looser take it all
b) winner take it all
c) winner give it all
d) looser give it all

Answer: b
Explanation: The unit which gives maximum output, weight is adjusted for that unit.

5. The instar learning law can be represented by equation?
a) ∆wij= µ(si) aj
b) ∆wij= µ(bi – si) aj
c) ∆wij= µ(bi – si) aj Á(xi),where Á(xi) is derivative of xi
d) ∆wk= µ (a-wk), unit k with maximum output is identified

Answer: d
Explanation: Follows from basic definition of instar learning law.

6. Is instar a case of supervised learning?
a) yes
b) no

Answer: b
Explanation: Since weight adjustment don’t depend on target output, it is unsupervised learning.

7. The instar learning law can be represented by equation?
a) ∆wjk= µ(bj – wjk), where the kth unit is the only active in the input layer
b) ∆wij= µ(bi – si) aj
c) ∆wij= µ(bi – si) aj Á(xi),wher Á(xi) is derivative of xi
d) ∆wij= µ(si) aj

Answer: a
Explanation: Follows from basic definition of outstar learning law.

8. Is outstar a case of supervised learning?
a) yes
b) no

Answer: a
Explanation: Since weight adjustment depend on target output, it is supervised learning.

9. Which of the following learning laws belongs to same category of learning?
a) hebbian, perceptron
b) perceptron, delta
c) hebbian, widrow-hoff
d) instar, outstar

Answer: b
Explanation: They both belongs to supervised type learning.

10. In hebbian learning intial weights are set?
a) random
b) near to zero
c) near to target value
d) near to target value

Answer: b
Explanation: Hebb law lead to sum of correlations between input & output, inorder to achieve this, the starting initial weight values must be small.
10:35:00 AM
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SET - 1

1. PowerPoint presentations are widely used as?
All of above (Answer)
Communication of planning
Note outlines for teachers
Project presentations by students

2. Which of the following statement is false?
If you choose to select from one of the pre-made slide layouts, you can change the positioning
If you choose to select from the pre-made slide layouts, you cannot delete the objects in the layout (Answer)
Blank Slide is at the top of the ‘Content Layouts’ area in the Slide Layout panel
All of above are false statements

3. Which of the following statements is not true?
You can view a PowerPoint presentation in Normal, Slide Sorter or Slide Show view
You can type text directly into a PowerPoint slide but typing in text box is more convenient (Answer)
You can show or hide task pane from View >> Toolbars
From Insert menu choose Picture and then File to insert your images into slides

4. In which menu can you find features like Slide Design, Slide Layout etc.?
Slide Show Menu
Insert Menu
Tools Menu
Format Menu (Answer)

5. A new presentation can be created from?
From Existing Presentation
Blank Presentation
From Design Template
All of above

6. What PowerPoint feature will you use to apply motion effects to different objects of a slide?
Animation Objects
Slide Design
Slide Transition
Animation Scheme

7. Which tab is not available on left panel when you open a presentation?
Outline
Slides
All of above are available
Notes (Answer)

8. How many steps are there between Start and Finish in AutoContent Wizard?
4
3 (Answer)
2
5

9. Which menu provides you options like Animation Scheme, custom Animation, Slide Transition?
Slide Show Menu (Answer)
Format Menu
Tools Menu
Insert Menu

10. What feature will you use to apply motion effects in between a slide exits and another enters?
Animation Scheme
Animation Objects
Slide Transition (Answer)
Slide Design


SET - 2

1. In Microsoft PowerPoint the following options changes the fill color of an object back to the default color
Patterns
Template
Automatic (Answer)
Fill colors

2. In Microsoft PowerPoint the following is/are true about rulers and guides
Rulers and guides print on the slide
Rulers and guides help place objects on the slide
Rulers and guides can be turned on or off
(A) and (C) both true (Answer)

3. Which file format can be added to a PowerPoint show?
.jpg
All of the above (Answer)
.giv
.wav

4. In Microsoft PowerPoint the following tools enable you to add text to a slide without using the standard placeholders
Line tool;
Text box tool (Answer)
Auto shapes tool
Fill color

5. In Microsoft PowerPoint the term used when you press and hold the left mouse key and move the mouse around the slide
Dragging
(B) and (C) both true (Answer)
Selecting
Highlighting

6. In Microsoft PowerPoint two kind of sound effects files that can be added to the presentation are
.jpg files and .gif files
.wav files and .jpg files
.wav files and .gif files
.wav files and .mid files (Answer)

7. In Microsoft PowerPoint special effects used to introduce slides in a presentation are called
Effects
Present animations
Transitions (Answer)
Custom animations

8. In Microsoft PowerPoint cell is defined as
A rectangular marker
All of the above
An input box
The intersection of a column and a row (Answer)

9. In Microsoft PowerPoint size of an organization chart object
Is dependent on the amount of text within the organization chart
Is determined by the presentation design and cannot be changed
Both (A) and (C) are true (Answer)
Is determined by the presentation design but can be changed in PowerPoint

10. In Microsoft PowerPoint the term used when a clip art image changes the direction it faces
Rotate
(A) and (B) both true (Answer)
Flip
Group


SET - 3

1. In Microsoft PowerPoint to maintain the perspective (height and width ratio) of an object when resizing, you need to
(A) and (C) both true
Press and hold the alt + ctrl keys while dragging a middle handle
Press and hold the shift key while dragging a corner sizing handle (Answer)
Drag a corner sizing handle

2. In Microsoft PowerPoint the following format options should be used to display dollars
Currency (Answer)
Comma
Noraml
Percentage

3. In Microsoft PowerPoint to edit the text within the boxes of an organization chart, you
Highlight the text, then make the changes
Highlight the text then make the change
Select the box and text, then make the changes (Answer)
Select the box, then make the changes

4. In Microsoft PowerPoint the term used when you press and hold the left mouse key and more the mouse around the slide
Moving
Highlighting
Selecting
Dragging (Answer)

5. In Microsoft PowerPoint the following best describes serifs
Serif font are very simple in appearance
Serifs are fine cross strokes that appear at the bottom and top of a letter (Answer)
Serifs on characters help to differentiate between similar looking letters
Serifs fonts are best for viewing test at a distance

6. In Microsoft PowerPoint size of a table object
(A) and (C) both are true
Is determined by the presentation design and cannot be changed
Is determined by the presentation design but can be changed (Answer)
Is dependent on the amount of text within the table

7. In Microsoft PowerPoint the following includes special effects that can be applied to drawing objects
All of above (Answer)
Line color and style
Rotating
Gradient fills

8. In Microsoft PowerPoint the following you use to add shading to a drawing object on or an auto shape object
(B) and (C) both true (Answer)
Fill color
Text box tool
Line tool

9. In Microsoft PowerPoint you can edit an embedded organization chart object by
(B) and (C) are true (Answer)
Clicking edit object
Right clicking the chart object, then clicking edit MS-Organizaiton Chart object
Double clicking the organization chart object

10. In Microsoft PowerPoint the following is not one of PowerPoint’s views
Outline view
Presentation view (Answer)
Slide view
Slide show view


SET - 4


1. In PowerPoint the shortcut key of Shift + F3 is used to?
Show or hide the grid
Spellcheck
Change case (Answer)
View the slide show from the current slide forward

2. The shortcut key for Spellcheck is -------------------- ?
F12
F8
F7 (Answer)
F1

3. The shortcut key to End the slide show is -------------------- ?
Ctrl + E
End
Shift + End
Esc (Answer)

4. The shortcut key for MS PowerPoint Help is -------------------- ?
F1 (Answer)
F2
Ctrl + F1
F7

5. The shortcut key for Inserting a new slide is -------------------- ?
Ctrl + N
Ctrl + E
Ctrl + Shift + M
Ctrl + M (Answer)

6. In PowerPoint the shortcut key of Ctrl + Shift + Tab is used to?
Switch between outline and slide view (Answer)
Copy formatting of selected shape
During presentation, Go to slide number
Expand outline text below a heading

7. The shortcut key to Open Save As dialog box is -------------------- ?
Ctrl + S
F5
F12 (Answer)
Ctrl + Shift + S

8. In PowerPoint the shortcut key of Ctrl + Shift + < is used to?
Change case
Move to the previous hyperlink
Move to the next hyperlink
Decrease font size (Answer)

9. In PowerPoint the shortcut key of 1 + Enter is used to?
Show or hide the guides
Collapse outline text below a heading
Return to the first slide (Answer)
End the slide show

10. In PowerPoint the shortcut key of Ctrl + K is used to?
Hide the pointer or pen
Change the pen to a pointer
Insert hyperlink (Answer)
Display the font dialog box



SET - 5



1. In Microsoft PowerPoint the following displays when an image is selected
Both A and B (Answer)
Be sure to place at least one clipart image per slide
Add clip art only if it relates to your topic
Resize the image so it takes up as much space as your text

2. In Microsoft PowerPoint the following allow you to select more than one slide in a presentation
Shift + Click each slide (Answer)
Shift + drag each slide
Ctrl + Click each slide
Alt + Click each slide

3. The Microsoft clip gallery allows you to
Spell check your presentation
Add word art images to a slide
Add slides to a presentation
Add clip art images to a slide or slides (Answer)

4. In Microsoft PowerPoint the following options in the printer dialog box would you select to prit slides 5 and 12 in a presentation?
Slides (Answer)
All of the above
Custom shows
Current slide

5. In Microsoft PowerPoint you can create a new presentation by completing all of the following except
Pressing Ctrl + N
Clicking the new button on the standard toolbar
Clicking file, new (Answer)
Clicking file open

6. In Microsoft PowerPoint what are lines, curve, freeform, and scribble
Emphasis effects that can be applied to animations
Predefined entrance and exit effects
Types of custom motion paths (Answer)
All of the above

7. In Microsoft PowerPoint you have customized a design template in one presentation and you want to use it in another presentation. What the best way to do this?
All of the above. (Answer)
Save the presentation that has the design template with a new name, and then use a new file to your presentation
Copy and paste the slide with the design template you want to include the new presentation; inserted slide will inherit the design
Use the browse feature in the slide design task pane to find the file that has your design template and apply it to the current file.

8. In Microsoft PowerPoint to edit the text within the boxes of an organization chart, you
Highlight the text, them make the changes
Select the box and text, then make changes (Answer)
Select the box, then make the dchanges
(A) and (B) both

9. When using PowerPoint, to play a PowerPoint show for previewing the show, select
View, slide show (Answer)
View, slide
View, slide sorter
View outline

10. In Microsoft PowerPoint using a custom animation effect, how do you make text appear on a slide by letter
Apply an entrance effect, and then set it to by letter in the effect option dialog box* (Answer)
Apply the fly in entrance to the text, and then set its speed to very slow.
All of above
Apply the animation scheme fade in one by one.



SET - 6

1. Which of the following section does not exist in a slide layout?
Titles
Animations (Answer)
Lists
Charts

2. Which of the following pane is NOT available in Task Pane?
Slide Design
Master Slide (Answer)
Slide Transition
Slide Layout

3. Which of the following cannot be toggled from View >> Toolbars?
Revisions
Slides (Answer)
Reviewing
Control Toolbox

4. Which command will you use in PowerPoint if you need to change the color of different objects without changing content?
Object Color
Font Color
Color Scheme (Answer)
Design Template

5. To start Microsoft PowerPoint application?
Click on Start >> Programs >> All Programs >> Microsoft PowerPoint
Click Start >> Run then type powerpnt then press Enter (Answer)
Hit Ctrl + R then type ppoint.exe and Enter
All of above

6. Which short cut key inserts a new slide in current presentation?
Ctrl+N
All of above
Ctrl+S
Ctrl+M (Answer)

7. Which of the following method can insert a new slide in current presentation?
All of above (Answer)
Click on New Slide button on toolbar
From Insert menu choose New Slide
Right click on the Slide panel and choose New Slide

8. Which of the following is not a part of Slide Design?
Design Template
Slide Layout (Answer)
Color Scheme
Animation Scheme

9. Which of the following pane is not available in Task Pane?
Word Art (Answer)
Clip Art
Getting Started
Search Results

10. What lets you to create new presentation by selecting ready-made font color and graphics effects?
Animation Scheme
Master Slide
Design Template (Answer)
Presentation Template

SET - 7

1. In Microsoft PowerPoint to add a header or footer to your handout, you can use
All of above
The handout master (Answer)
The slide master
The title master

2. In Microsoft PowerPoint the following will not advance the slides in a slide show view
The spacebar
The mouse button
Esc key (Answer)
The Enter key

3. In Microsoft PowerPoint to exit the PowerPoint application, you should
Double click the application control menu icon (Answer)
Click the document close button
Double click the document control menu icon
Click the application minimize button

4. In Microsoft PowerPoint in order to see all the slides on one screen use
View, master
View, slide
View, slide sorter (Answer)
View, slide show

5. In Microsoft PowerPoint the best place to find animated images for your presentation
Word clipart (Answer)
All of the above
Microsoft online
PowerPoint tools and ins

6. In Microsoft PowerPoint to select all of the boxes of an organization chart
Press and hold the SHIFT key and click each box
All of above (Answer)
Clicking and edit and select all
Right click the chart background and then click select all

7. In Microsoft PowerPoint the following command select all object at one time when selecting multiple objects to be deleted
Ctrl + A
Alt + A
Shift + Enter
Edit, Select All (Answer)

8. In Microsoft PowerPoint the easy way to apply varied animations to test on slides
All of above
Apply effects in the custom animation text pane
Apply an animation scheme (Answer)
Customize bullets with animated clipart

9. In Microsoft PowerPoint you can tell when an object is active because
A box frame appears surrounding the text
(B) and (C) both
The object is highlighted (Answer)
Eight small sizing handles appear surrounding the text

10. In Microsoft PowerPoint the following toolbars provides different options in various master views
Formatting toolbar
Common tasks toolbar (Answer)
Drawing toolbar
Standard toolbar

SET - 8


1. In Microsoft PowerPoint the entry effect as one slide replaces another in a show is called
Custom animation
Animation
Slide transition (Answer)
Preset animation

2. In Microsoft PowerPoint view that displays only text (title and bullets) is
Outline view (Answer)
Slide sorter view
Notes page view
Slide show

3. In Microsoft PowerPoint presentation designs regulate the formatting and layout for the slide and are commonly called
Design plates
Templates (Answer)
Blueprints
Placeholders

4. In Microsoft PowerPoint you can show the shortcut menu during the slide show by
(A) and (B) both
Clicking the shortcut button on the formatting toolbar
Right clicking the current slide (Answer)
Clicking an icon on the current slide

5. In Microsoft PowerPoint following should be used when you want to add a slide to an existing presentation
File, new
Insert, new slide (Answer)
File, add a new slide
File, open

6. In Microsoft PowerPoint are symbols used to identify items in a list
Graphics
Markers
Icons
Bullets (Answer)

7. In Microsoft PowerPoint the following by passes the print dialog box when printing individual slides or an entire present ation
File, print
File, print, preview
Ctrl + P (Answer)
The print button

8. In Microsoft PowerPoint slide show options available to the presenter include all of the following except
Meeting reminder command
Speaker notes command
Transitions command (Answer)
Navigation commands

9. In Microsoft PowerPoint view that displays the slides on a presentation as miniature representations of the slides is called
Slide sorter view (Answer)
Outline view
Notes page view
Slide show

10. In Microsoft PowerPoint the following is the default page setup orientation for slides in PowerPoint
Vertical
Portrait
Landscape (Answer)
None of above


SET - 9

1. In Microsoft PowerPoint the following is the default page setup orientation for notes pages, outlines and handouts
Vertical
None of above
Landscape
Portrait (Answer)

2. In Microsoft PowerPoint the best way to design the layout for your slides
Apply templates from the Slide Design task pane
Create layouts for slides, handouts and notes using the Master Layout dialog box in slide master view
For each new slide, select a layout from the Slide Layout task pane (Answer)
None of above

3. In Microsoft PowerPoint auto clipart is a feature that
Scans your presentation for in (Answer) spelling in your words on each slide
All of above (Answer)
Automatically places clipart in your presentation
Scans your presentation for in (Answer) spelling in Word Arts objects

4. In Microsoft PowerPoint the following features should you use when typing in he notes text box
Slide master
Insert
Zoom (Answer)
Slide shows

5. In Microsoft PowerPoint any and every command can be found on the
Drawing toolbar
Formatting toolbar
Menu bar (Answer)
Standard toolbar

6. In Microsoft PowerPoint slide that is used to introduce a topic and set the tone for the presentation is called the
Title slide (Answer)
Table slide
Graph slide
Bullet slide

7. In Microsoft PowerPoint the following is not an option when printing handouts
Five slides per page (Answer)
Three slides per page
Two slides per page
Six slides per page

8. In Microsoft PowerPoint the following provides a printed copy of your presentation
Outline
Audience handouts (Answer)
All of the above
Speaker notes

9. In Microsoft PowerPoint toolbars that are displayed by default in the PowerPoint window includes
Menu bar, standard toolbar, status bar, drawing toolbar
Menu bar, standard toolbar, formatting toolbar, drawing toolbar, status bar
Menu bar, standard toolbar, formatting toolbar, drawing toolbar, status bar (Answer)
Standard toolbar, formatting toolbar, drawing toolbar, status bar

10. In Microsoft PowerPoint the following presentation elements can you modify using the slide master
All of above
Speaker note font and color
Slide comments
Slide transitions (Answer)




2:30:00 AM

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