1. What is ransomware?
A) A type of malware that encrypts files and demands payment for decryption ✅
B) A type of firewall
C) A hardware security device
D) A tool for network optimization
2. What is the main goal of ransomware attacks?
A) To extort money from victims ✅
B) To improve system performance
C) To test security systems
D) To delete all system files permanently
3. Which of the following is a common method for ransomware distribution?
A) Phishing emails ✅
B) Antivirus software
C) Secure browsing
D) Cloud backups
4. What is the best way to protect data from ransomware attacks?
A) Regular backups ✅
B) Paying the ransom
C) Disabling firewalls
D) Ignoring software updates
5. What is the first step ransomware usually takes after infecting a system?
A) Encrypting files ✅
B) Deleting files
C) Changing the operating system
D) Running a security scan
6. Which of the following is an example of ransomware?
A) WannaCry ✅
B) McAfee
C) Windows Defender
D) Avast
7. How do ransomware attackers demand payment?
A) Cryptocurrency ✅
B) Credit cards
C) Bank transfers
D) Gift cards
8. What is the safest response to a ransomware attack?
A) Restore from a backup ✅
B) Pay the ransom
C) Ignore the attack
D) Restart the system
9. What is double extortion ransomware?
A) When attackers steal data before encrypting it ✅
B) When ransomware attacks twice in a row
C) When victims are asked to pay two ransoms
D) When attackers use two encryption methods
10. What type of encryption does ransomware typically use?
A) AES and RSA ✅
B) DES
C) MD5
D) SHA-256
11. Which sector is most commonly targeted by ransomware?
A) Healthcare ✅
B) Agriculture
C) Mining
D) Construction
12. What is a ransomware attack that locks users out of their devices called?
A) Locker ransomware ✅
B) Spyware
C) Adware
D) Rootkit
13. Which of these is NOT a way to spread ransomware?
A) Installing software from official sources ✅
B) Clicking on malicious email links
C) Downloading attachments from unknown sources
D) Visiting compromised websites
14. Why do ransomware attackers prefer cryptocurrency?
A) It is difficult to trace ✅
B) It is easy to refund payments
C) It is legally protected
D) It is government-controlled
15. What should you do if you receive a suspicious email with an attachment?
A) Do not open it and delete it ✅
B) Open it immediately
C) Forward it to all contacts
D) Reply and ask for more details
16. Which ransomware attack affected hundreds of organizations worldwide in 2017?
A) WannaCry ✅
B) Stuxnet
C) Melissa
D) NotPetya
17. How can businesses prevent ransomware attacks?
A) Employee cybersecurity training ✅
B) Disabling all security software
C) Paying the ransom quickly
D) Avoiding software updates
18. What is the purpose of a ransom note in ransomware attacks?
A) To demand payment and provide instructions ✅
B) To warn about legal consequences
C) To delete all encrypted files
D) To disable the operating system
19. What is one sign of a ransomware infection?
A) Inability to open certain files ✅
B) Faster computer performance
C) Increased internet speed
D) Unlocked folders
20. What is RaaS (Ransomware-as-a-Service)?
A) A service that allows cybercriminals to buy and deploy ransomware ✅
B) A cloud storage service
C) A tool for ransomware recovery
D) A type of antivirus software
21. What does ransomware typically demand from victims?
A) A ransom payment ✅
B) A job offer
C) A security patch
D) A software license
22. What is one way ransomware can spread across a network?
A) Exploiting system vulnerabilities ✅
B) Blocking all internet access
C) Running antivirus software
D) Using strong passwords
23. Which operating system is most targeted by ransomware?
A) Windows ✅
B) macOS
C) Linux
D) Android
24. What is the safest way to recover data after a ransomware attack?
A) Restoring from an offline backup ✅
B) Paying the ransom
C) Restarting the system
D) Disabling the firewall
25. What should an organization do immediately after detecting a ransomware attack?
A) Isolate infected devices ✅
B) Pay the ransom
C) Ignore the attack
D) Disable all security software
26. What is a ransomware "kill switch"?
A) A mechanism that disables the malware ✅
B) A tool for making ransomware stronger
C) A command to increase ransom demands
D) A feature that speeds up encryption
27. Which government agency often investigates ransomware attacks?
A) FBI ✅
B) WHO
C) NASA
D) IMF
28. What is the first action cybercriminals take in a targeted ransomware attack?
A) Gaining unauthorized access ✅
B) Demanding a ransom
C) Encrypting files immediately
D) Sending legal warnings
29. What is the biggest risk of paying a ransomware ransom?
A) Attackers may not provide the decryption key ✅
B) It guarantees data safety
C) The attacker deletes all data
D) It prevents future attacks
30. What is "cryptojacking"?
A) Using ransomware to mine cryptocurrency without consent ✅
B) Encrypting files for protection
C) A legal form of cryptocurrency trading
D) A method to decrypt ransomware
31. What does a ransomware decryption tool do?
A) Restores encrypted files ✅
B) Encrypts files further
C) Prevents future attacks
D) Installs more ransomware
32. How can businesses reduce ransomware risks?
A) Keeping software updated ✅
B) Ignoring security warnings
C) Relying on a single antivirus
D) Allowing all file downloads
33. What is the best type of backup to protect against ransomware?
A) Offline and cloud backup ✅
B) Keeping all files on the same computer
C) Only using USB drives
D) Saving data in the same infected system
34. What is the role of AI in ransomware detection?
A) Identifying suspicious patterns and stopping attacks ✅
B) Encrypting files to prevent theft
C) Helping attackers demand higher ransoms
D) Disabling antivirus software
35. What is the main characteristic of a "zero-day exploit"?
A) It exploits an unknown software vulnerability ✅
B) It has been patched already
C) It affects only old systems
D) It slows down ransomware attacks
36. What happens if a ransomware attack is not stopped in time?
A) Files become permanently encrypted ✅
B) The system speeds up
C) The malware deletes itself
D) The ransom amount decreases
37. What is the function of endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools?
A) Detecting and stopping ransomware attacks ✅
B) Encrypting system files
C) Increasing phishing attacks
D) Sending ransom demands
38. What does "fileless ransomware" mean?
A) Ransomware that operates in system memory without files ✅
B) Ransomware that only affects cloud storage
C) Ransomware that does not encrypt files
D) Ransomware that requires no internet connection
39. Why is social engineering a common technique in ransomware attacks?
A) It tricks users into executing the malware ✅
B) It strengthens cybersecurity
C) It prevents encryption
D) It requires complex coding
40. What is an effective defense against phishing-based ransomware attacks?
A) Employee training on cybersecurity awareness ✅
B) Clicking all links in emails
C) Using weak passwords
D) Keeping all files on one device
41. What does "sandboxing" do in cybersecurity?
A) Isolates suspicious files for testing ✅
B) Strengthens ransomware encryption
C) Increases ransom amounts
D) Deletes backup files
42. What happens if you pay the ransom but do not receive a decryption key?
A) You lose your data and money ✅
B) Your system gets automatically fixed
C) The attacker refunds your money
D) The attack stops immediately
43. What is one reason organizations do not report ransomware attacks?
A) Fear of reputational damage ✅
B) They enjoy ransomware attacks
C) There is no financial impact
D) Law enforcement refuses to help
44. How does network segmentation help prevent ransomware spread?
A) It isolates infected parts of the network ✅
B) It disables all internet access
C) It speeds up encryption
D) It allows ransomware to spread faster
45. What is a common strategy ransomware gangs use to pressure victims?
A) Threatening to release stolen data ✅
B) Offering free decryption
C) Providing security solutions
D) Lowering the ransom amount immediately
46. Which of these is a ransomware attack prevention best practice?
A) Blocking unnecessary remote desktop access ✅
B) Using the same password for all accounts
C) Ignoring security patches
D) Paying the ransom quickly
47. How does "supply chain ransomware" work?
A) It spreads through software vendors and service providers ✅
B) It affects only e-commerce websites
C) It encrypts files but does not demand a ransom
D) It does not spread to other systems
48. Which protocol should be disabled to prevent ransomware attacks?
A) Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) ✅
B) HTTP
C) FTP
D) DHCP
49. What is the primary reason ransomware attacks have increased?
A) The rise of cryptocurrency payments ✅
B) Stronger cybersecurity policies
C) Lack of internet access
D) Decrease in cybercriminal activity
50. What should an organization do after recovering from a ransomware attack?
A) Strengthen cybersecurity measures to prevent future attacks ✅
B) Pay a ransom to avoid future incidents
C) Remove antivirus software
D) Ignore cybersecurity best practices
Advanced Ransomware MCQs
1. Which ransomware group was responsible for the Colonial Pipeline attack in 2021?
A) DarkSide ✅
B) REvil
C) Ryuk
D) Maze
2. What does the "time bomb" feature in ransomware do?
A) Delays encryption until a specific time ✅
B) Automatically decrypts files after a while
C) Increases ransom amount gradually
D) Deletes ransomware files
3. What is "wiper malware," and how is it different from ransomware?
A) It permanently deletes files instead of encrypting them ✅
B) It encrypts files with a stronger algorithm
C) It only affects mobile devices
D) It allows file recovery without a ransom
4. What is a ransomware attack targeting Industrial Control Systems (ICS) called?
A) OT Ransomware ✅
B) IT Ransomware
C) Crypto-malware
D) Trojan ransomware
5. What does the term "attack surface" refer to in cybersecurity?
A) The total number of vulnerabilities that can be exploited ✅
B) The ransom amount set by attackers
C) The total storage used by malware
D) The physical location of the attack
6. What is "cryptolocker"?
A) A type of ransomware that encrypts files ✅
B) A cybersecurity tool
C) A password manager
D) A firewall software
7. What is "human-operated ransomware"?
A) Ransomware manually controlled by hackers ✅
B) Ransomware that spreads automatically
C) AI-generated ransomware
D) Government-approved ransomware
8. Which type of ransomware encrypts files and also leaks sensitive data?
A) Double extortion ransomware ✅
B) Mobile ransomware
C) Adware
D) Trojan horse ransomware
9. What is the purpose of an "initial access broker" in ransomware attacks?
A) Selling access to compromised systems ✅
B) Providing ransomware decryption keys
C) Preventing ransomware attacks
D) Reporting attacks to authorities
10. What is the meaning of "Ransomware 3.0"?
A) Modern ransomware that includes extortion and data theft ✅
B) Ransomware that only encrypts files
C) A free tool to remove ransomware
D) A government initiative to prevent ransomware
Ransomware Prevention & Mitigation
11. Which organization provides guidelines on ransomware prevention?
A) NIST ✅
B) WTO
C) NASA
D) FIFA
12. Which security control can prevent unauthorized software execution?
A) Application whitelisting ✅
B) Disabling antivirus
C) Using old software
D) Installing random plugins
13. Why should organizations segment their networks?
A) To prevent ransomware from spreading across systems ✅
B) To increase encryption speed
C) To allow attackers access to all data
D) To store all files in one place
14. What is "air-gapped" backup?
A) A backup stored offline and disconnected from networks ✅
B) A backup stored on the same infected device
C) A cloud backup that auto-syncs
D) A backup using AI-based encryption
15. What is the role of Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) in ransomware prevention?
A) Detecting suspicious activity in real time ✅
B) Encrypting files before attackers do
C) Sending ransomware to attackers
D) Automatically paying ransoms
Ransomware Attack Response
16. What is the first step after detecting a ransomware infection?
A) Isolating the infected system ✅
B) Paying the ransom immediately
C) Restarting the system
D) Deleting all files
17. Why is it not recommended to pay the ransom?
A) There is no guarantee that files will be restored ✅
B) It makes files more secure
C) It reduces future ransomware attacks
D) Law enforcement requires it
18. What is the purpose of "No More Ransom" project?
A) Providing free ransomware decryption tools ✅
B) Selling ransomware protection software
C) Offering insurance against ransomware
D) Assisting attackers in encrypting files
19. How can businesses detect ransomware before it encrypts data?
A) Using behavior-based detection tools ✅
B) Relying only on firewalls
C) Disabling all security settings
D) Ignoring email security
20. What is a common sign of a ransomware infection?
A) Files renamed with unknown extensions ✅
B) Faster system performance
C) A decrease in network security
D) Free decryption messages appearing
Ransomware Trends & Evolution
21. What is "Ransomcloud"?
A) Ransomware that targets cloud services ✅
B) Ransomware that prevents cloud storage
C) A cloud-based security tool
D) A government initiative to track ransomware
22. What is "BlackCat" ransomware known for?
A) Being the first ransomware coded in Rust ✅
B) Spreading only through USB devices
C) Attacking only government institutions
D) Using AI to protect victims
23. What makes Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS) dangerous?
A) It allows inexperienced hackers to launch attacks ✅
B) It protects users against malware
C) It prevents cybercriminals from working
D) It automatically decrypts files
24. What is a "ransomware kill chain"?
A) The sequence of steps in a ransomware attack ✅
B) A security tool that removes ransomware
C) A software used to increase encryption speed
D) A method of automatically paying ransoms
25. What is the most likely future evolution of ransomware?
A) More AI-driven attacks with automation ✅
B) Fewer attacks due to stronger laws
C) Decreased use of ransomware
D) A switch to physical hacking
Technical Aspects of Ransomware
26. What is "polymorphic ransomware"?
A) Ransomware that changes its code to evade detection ✅
B) Ransomware that only encrypts specific files
C) A harmless version of ransomware
D) A government-approved ransomware variant
27. What role does AI play in ransomware evolution?
A) AI helps attackers automate and refine attacks ✅
B) AI completely stops ransomware attacks
C) AI replaces encryption with password protection
D) AI prevents ransomware from spreading
28. What is "fileless ransomware"?
A) Ransomware that operates in system memory instead of files ✅
B) Ransomware that targets only USB devices
C) Ransomware that does not need a ransom
D) A type of government-approved malware
29. Why do ransomware variants use different encryption keys?
A) To make decryption harder ✅
B) To ensure security patches work
C) To protect against antivirus
D) To allow easy recovery
30. How do attackers escalate privileges in a ransomware attack?
A) Exploiting system vulnerabilities ✅
B) Asking users for passwords
C) Blocking antivirus software
D) Restarting the system
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